Síndromes Solapados
La relación entre las mutaciones genéticas y los síndromes arritmogénicos primarios es cada vez más compleja ya que en ocasiones una misma mutación puede conducir a diferentes fenotipos en la misma familia o en un mismo paciente. En este caso hablamos de "síndromes solapados" (Remme y Wilde, 2008). Esto es muy común con las mutaciones en el gen SCN5A, que pueden causar viversos fenotipos, incluyendo combinaciones de LQT3, SBr, DPCI, síndrome del nodo del seno enfermo, FV idiopática y FA (Bezzina et al., 1999; Kyndt et al., 2001; Lupoglazoff et al., 2001; Makita et al., 2008; Makiyama et al., 2005; Shirai et al., 2002; Smits et al., 2005; Takehara et al., 2004; Veldkamp et al., 2003). Igualmente, mutaciones en el gen SCN3B pueden asociarse con DPCI y SBr (George, 2005; Watanabe et al., 2008). Barbuti A, Scavone A, Mazzocchi N et al. A caveolin-binding domain in the HCN4 channels mediates functional interaction with caveolin proteins. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2012;53:187–95. Antzelevitch C, Yan GX, Ackerman MJ, et al. J-Wave syndromes expert consensus conference report: Emerging concepts and gaps in knowledge. J Arrhythm. 2016;32:315-339. Bezzina C, Veldkamp MW, van Den Berg MP, et al. A single Na+ channel mutation causing both long-QT and Brugada syndromes. Circ Res 1999;85:1206–1213 Chang CC, Acharfi S, Wu MH, et al. A novel SCN5A mutation manifests as a malignant form of long QT syndrome with perinatal onset of tachycardia/bradycardia. Cardiovasc Res. 2004;64:268–278. Clancy CE, Rudy Y. Na+ channel mutation that causes both Brugada and long-QT syndrome phenotypes: a simulation study of mechanism. Circulation 2002;105:1208–1213 George AL. Inherited disorders of voltage-gated sodium channels. J. Clin. Invest.2005; 115:1990–1999. Grant AO, Carboni MP, Neplioueva V, et al. Long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and conduction system disease are linked to a single sodium channel mutation. J Clin Invest 2002;110:1201–1209. Kyndt F, Probst V, Potet F, et al. Novel SCN5A mutation leading either to isolated cardiac conduction defect or Brugada syndrome in a large French family. Circulation 2001;104:3081–3086 Lupoglazoff JM, Cheav T, Baroudi G, et al. Homozygous SCN5A mutation in long-QT syndrome with functional two-to-one atrioventricular block. Circ Res. 2001;89:E16-21. Makita N, Behr E, Shimizu W, et al. The E1784K mutation in SCN5A is associated with mixed clinical phenotype of type 3 long QT syndrome. J Clin Invest. 2008;118:2219–2229. Makiyama T, Akao M, Tsuji K, et al. High risk for bradyarrhythmic complications in patients with Brugada syndrome caused by SCN5A gene mutations. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:2100-2106. Probst V, Allouis M, Sacher F, et al. Progressive cardiac conduction defect is the prevailing phenotype in carriers of a Brugada syndrome SCN5A mutation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2006;17:270-275. Remme CA, Wilde AA. SCN5A overlap syndromes: no end to disease complexity? Europace 2008;10:1253–5. Rivolta I, Abriel H, Tateyama M, et al. Inherited Brugada and long QT-3 syndrome mutations of a single residue of the cardiac sodium channel confer distinct channel and clinical phenotypes. J Biol Chem 2001;276:30623-30630. Shimizu N, Iwamoto M, Nakano Y, et al. Long-term electrocardiographic follow-up from childhood of an adult patient with Brugada syndrome associated with sick sinus syndrome. Circ J 2009;73:575–9. Shirai N, Makita N, Sasaki K, et al. A mutant cardiac sodium channel with multiple biophysical defects associated with overlapping clinical fea¬tures of Brugada syndrome and cardiac conduction disease. Cardiovasc Res. 2002;53:348–354. Smits JP, Koopmann TT, Wilders R, et al. A mutation in the human cardiac sodium channel (E161K) contributes to sick sinus syndrome, conduction disease and Brugada syndrome in two families. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2005;38:969–981. Takehara N, Makita N, Kawabe J, et al. A cardiac sodium channel mutation identified in Brugada syndrome associated with atrial standstill. J Intern Med. 2004;255:137-142. Veldkamp MW, Wilders R, Baartscheer A, et al. Contribution of sodium channel mutations to bradycardia and sinus node dysfunction in LQT3 families. Circ Res 2003;92:976-983. Veldkamp MW, Viswanathan PC, Bezzina C, et al. Two distinct congenital arrhythmias evoked by a multidysfunctional Na+ channel. Circ Res 2000;86: E91–E97. Watanabe H, Koopmann TT, Le Scouarnec S, et al. Sodium channel β1 subunit mutations associated with Brugada syndrome and cardiac conduction disease in humans. J Clin Invest 2008;118:2260–2268. |
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